Metabolism 101: Going Beyond Weight Loss

 

Metabolic function plays a vital role in living a healthy life. It impacts energy production, weight management, hormone regulation, nutrient utilisation, detoxification, and overall longevity, serving as the foundation for all physiological processes that contribute to our overall health and well-being.  

Metabolism: what it is and how it works  

Metabolism refers to the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to sustain life. It involves a complex network of biochemical processes that convert food and other substances into energy, synthesise new molecules, and eliminate waste products. Essentially, metabolism is a finely tuned and dynamic system that can be divided into two main processes: 

• Anabolism: the metabolic process that utilises energy to build complex molecules from simpler components. For example, form proteins from amino acids or build DNA from nucleotides.
• Catabolism: the metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler substances, releasing energy for the body. For example, break down carbohydrates into glucose, or proteins into amino acids.

The metabolism operates through a series of interconnected pathways and is tightly regulated through hormones to maintain a delicate balance within the body. 

Types of metabolism 

 Metabolism as a complex and individualised process, and as such does not have universally recognised distinct "types" per se. However, two main aspects help characterise an individual's metabolism: 

 

• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy your body needs to maintain basic bodily functions while at rest. Individuals with more lean muscle mass tend to have a higher BMR.

• Metabolic Efficiency relates to how effectively your body converts food into energy. A more efficient metabolism may result in a better ability to maintain weight.

 

 

Since metabolic rates and efficiencies vary among individuals, metabolism should be seen as a continuum influenced by various factors that lead to individual variations rather than fixed types.

How metabolism affects weight and health 

While metabolism is often associated with weight loss or weight gain, weight change represents just one piece of the metabolic puzzle. Our metabolism influences numerous physiological functions that impact our health and well-being such as:

• Immune function: A properly functioning metabolism facilitates efficient nutrient absorption and supports immune cell production to ensure the energy required to protect and restore our bodies.

• Hormones: A well-functioning metabolism supports the production and balance of essential hormones, ensuring optimal bodily functions and promoting overall health and vitality.

• Cognitive function: As the most energy-demanding organ, our brain relies heavily on efficient metabolism to meet its energy needs. A well-regulated metabolism promotes mental alertness and emotional stability. 

Recognising the extensive influence of metabolism on our well-being underscores the significance of maintaining a healthy and balanced metabolic function. It extends beyond weight management, encompassing overall health and vitality.

Understanding your metabolism 

• Assess your lifestyle: Take an honest look at your current lifestyle habits and record your daily activities and eating habits.
• Observe your body's responses: Pay attention to how your body responds to different lifestyle changes. Notice any changes in energy levels, mood, digestion, and weight fluctuations. 
• Track and adjust: Monitor your progress as you make changes to your lifestyle. Regularly reassess and adjust based on your body's responses.

What factors affect the metabolism

 

Age: Metabolism tends to naturally slow down with age.

Body composition: Individuals with a higher proportion of muscle tend to have a higher metabolic rate.

Gender: Men generally have a higher metabolic rate than women.

Genetics: Some people may inherit genes that influence their metabolic rate and how they process and store energy.

Hormonal factors: Imbalances in hormones can affect metabolic rate and energy balance.

Physical activity: Regular exercise and physical activity promotes overall metabolic efficiency and metabolic rate.

Diet and nutrition: The energy expenditure associated with digestion and absorption can slightly influence metabolism. 

Caloric intake: Very low-calorie or restriction diets for extended periods can lead to a decrease in metabolic rate.

Sleep: Inadequate or disrupted sleep can lead to metabolic dysregulation. 

 

Fast vs. Slow metabolism 

Having a fast or slow metabolism refers to the rate at which your body converts food and stores it into usable energy. Individuals with a fast metabolism tend to burn calories more quickly, while those with a slow metabolism burn calories at a slower rate.  

Having a fast metabolism can have both positive and negative effects on overall health and well-being:

• Digestive efficiency: a fast metabolism can contribute to efficient digestion and faster transit time in the digestive tract, leading to improved gut health and reduced digestive discomfort.
• Nutrient utilisation: A fast metabolism can enhance the absorption and utilisation of nutrients.
• Energy levels: A fast metabolism efficiently converts food into energy, resulting in higher energy levels and increased stamina throughout the day.
• Weight management: A fast metabolism can help prevent excessive weight gain or even promote weight loss. 

On the other hand, people with slower metabolism may face additional challenges in certain aspects of health, like the regulation of hormones involved in growth, reproduction, and mood regulation.

While it's difficult to make a definitive assessment and determine whether you have a fast or slow metabolism without professional testing, here are some general indicators that might suggest a fast or slow metabolism:

• Weight management: Struggling to gain or maintain weight despite high calorie intake may suggest a fast metabolism, while easy weight gain or difficulty losing weight with calorie restriction may indicate a slower metabolism.
• Energy levels: Sustained energy levels throughout the day can indicate a fast metabolism, while feeling sluggish and fatigued despite proper rest and nutrition may suggest a slower metabolism.
• Food cravings and appetite: Fast metabolisms are often associated with increased appetite and frequent food cravings. In contrast, slower metabolisms are typically linked to a relatively lower appetite and fewer intense cravings.
• Body temperature: A higher than average basal body temperature might indicate a faster metabolism, as the body generates more heat during metabolic processes. 

Why the metabolism changes over time 

 

Lifestyle factors: Decreased physical activity levels, poor diet, and inadequate sleep, can decrease the overall metabolic rate. 

Hormonal changes: Hormones play a vital role in regulating metabolism and affecting metabolic rate. 

 

Ageing: As we age, our metabolism tends to naturally slow down.  

 

Can you improve your metabolism?

While genetics play a role in individual metabolic rates, there are modifiable factors within our control. Regular physical activity builds muscle and improves metabolic efficiency. Adequate protein intake supports muscle maintenance and slightly boosts metabolism. A balanced diet with whole foods, fibre, and appropriate calorie intake also supports a healthy metabolism. However, there are no instant solutions or shortcuts. 

 

Gut health and Metabolic Health 

Gut health and metabolic function are closely connected. As the entry point for nutrients, the gut breaks down and absorbs food, extracting energy and essential nutrients for metabolic processes. A healthy gut enhances metabolic function and overall well-being in the following ways: 

• Nutrient absorption: A healthy gut lining with optimal microbial diversity is essential for efficient nutrient absorption. 
• Inflammation and metabolic health: Gut health is vital for immune response regulation and inflammation control. Increased gut permeability, known as leaky gut, can lead to widespread chronic inflammation, linked to significant metabolic issues.
• Energy regulation: Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with metabolic disorders like obesity and insulin resistance.
• Hormonal regulation: Imbalances in the gut microbiota can impact hormone production and signalling, affecting metabolic function.
• Metabolism of dietary compounds: The gut microbiota can metabolise certain dietary compounds that the host cannot digest, to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites (such as the ones in Y SKIN and Y GUT sensitive that have various metabolic benefits, including promoting satiety, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammation.

Supplements for metabolism 

When it comes to products claiming to have an impact on metabolism, it's important to approach them with caution and be critical of their claims. While some products may have ingredients or properties that can potentially influence metabolism to a certain degree, it's crucial to consider the following factors:

Scientific evidence: Peer-reviewed studies conducted on humans are particularly valuable in determining the effectiveness and safety of a product.
Transparency and credibility: Check for certifications, quality control practices, and any third-party testing or verification that supports the product's claims.
Expert recommendations: Seek advice from qualified healthcare professionals, who can provide guidance on specific products and their potential impact on your metabolism. 
Realistic claims: Be cautious of products that make exaggerated claims or promise quick fixes. Sustainable changes to metabolism require long-term lifestyle modifications.
Individual response: Keep in mind that individual responses to products can vary. It's important to listen to your body, monitor any changes or effects, and  make informed decisions based on your own needs and preferences.

Remember that no single product can replace the foundation of a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, stress management, and overall wellness practices.